India Emerges as Global Manufacturing Hub, Attracts Major Companies: Boston Consulting Group”
India ka manufacturing sector bahut tezi se grow kar raha hai, aur experts ke mutabiq, future mein ye ek strong export manufacturing hub ban sakta hai. Boston Consulting Group ke mutabiq, ismein India ke competitive cost structures, abundant labor, aur diverse industries mein badhne wale scale aur capabilities ka bada haath hai.
Federation of Indian Export Organizations ne project kiya hai ki 2023-24 mein India ke exports $900 billion tak badh sakte hain, compared to the previous year’s $770 billion, kyun ki duniya bhar ke companies se demand badh rahi hai.
Aircraft manufacturing sector mein, Boeing India se apne supplies ko badha raha hai aur ek manufacturing facility establish karne ki soch raha hai. Denmark ke Vestas, jo world ka sabse bada wind-turbine maker hai, ne Sriperumbudur, India mein do naye factories banayi hain. Electric car maker Tesla bhi apne auto parts ke sourcing ko $1.9 billion se double karna chahta hai.
Export ke segments mein, electronic goods jaise smartphones ke completely built units 2018 se triple ho gaye hain aur 2023 tak $23 billion tak pahunch gaye hain. Foxconn, jo ki duniya ke 70% iPhones assemble karta hai, ne Karnataka mein aur $1.67 billion invest karne ka faisla kiya hai. Apple bhi Chennai, India ke pass ek iPhone plant ki annual output ko 2024 tak 20 million units tak badhaane ka plan banaya hai.
Geopolitics ke karan kai companies India mein apne facilities set up kar rahi hain. Chinese government ke intervention aur pressure ke chalte, U.S. aur uske partner countries (Australia, South Korea, Japan, aur the U.K.) “China plus one” strategy adopt kar rahe hain, jisme supply chain operations China ke bahar diversify kiye ja rahe hain.
U.S. ne India ko apna largest trading partner banaya hai, aur Biden administration ke Indo-Pacific Economic Framework ke tahat global supply chains ko China se alag karne ka prayas kiya ja raha hai.
India ke exports mein 2018-2022 tak 44% ki growth hui hai, khaaskar auto components (65%), mechanical machinery (70%), aur semiconductor shipments (143%) mein. China ki exports in categories mein 29% ghati hai.
India ke exports ka ye tezi se badhna bade economic factors ke karan hai, jaise ki large trainable workforce aur other manufacturing nations ke mukablein kam labor cost.
Government ne manufacturing costs ko kam karne ke liye capital incentives provide kiye hain, jaise ki production-linked incentives (PLI) scheme, jo economy ke 14 key sectors mein companies ko $26 billion se zyada ke subsidies deti hai.
India government apne workforce ke capabilities ko develop karne mein support kar rahi hai. Ministry of Electronics and IT (Meity) ne ek Center of Excellence (CoE) set up kiya hai design ecosystem banane ke liye, aur naye skill development centers launch kiye ja rahe hain.
Lekin kuch challenges bhi hain, jaise ki electronics ke alawa garments, gems and jewellery, marine products, aur plastics ke labor-intensive exports mein kami. Mobile phones abhi bhi nearly 50% of electronics goods’ exports ko contribute karte hain, isliye technology products ki diversification ki zarurat hai. Production quality aur rapidly evolving technology ko adopt karne ki averseness bhi ek problem hai, aur manufacturing India ke GDP ke mukablein chhota hai.
In challenges ko overcome karne ke liye, India ko apni production capabilities ko aur badhana hoga, aur neighboring countries ke saath collaboration ko bhi badhana hoga. ‘Neighborhood First Policy’ ke under fiscal incentives se, India apne manufacturing operations ko South Asia mein expand karke regional trade aur supply chain development ko encourage kar sakta hai. Isse Make in India ko Make in South Asia banane mein madad milegi, aur Modi government ke 2030 tak ke $2 trillion ke export target ko achieve karne mein bhi boost milega.
